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Where did Dr. Duke do her training?

Dr. Duke is Board Certified in Obstetrics and Gynecology. She completed her residency training in Gynecology & Obstetrics at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland and her subspecialty training (fellowship) in Reproductive Endocrinology & infertility at Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut. She is an active Fellow of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (hence the FACOG).

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Does she also have a PhD?

Yes! Dr. Duke is a trained, published and award winning Physician Scientist who also holds a Master of Science and a Ph.D. in Microbiology and Immunology with a focus on Virology. In fact, Dr. Duke is America’s ONLY Fertility Expert and Virologist!

She is still actively involved in clinical research studies with different collaborators.

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What is infertility?

Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. Because age can have a significant impact on fertility, women who are 35 years or older should see a reproductive specialist after six months of trying to conceive without success. Other reasons for seeking a fertility evaluation may include:

- regular menstrual cycles (less than every 25 days or more than 35 days), which may suggest that a woman is not ovulating

- Previous pelvic surgery or infection(s), which may suggest fallopian tube disease

- Painful periods, which may suggest endometriosis

- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

- Elective/Social Fertility Preservation

- Fertility Preservation for Cancer Patients

- If you or your partner have a known reason that may complicate the ability to conceive

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Is infertility common?

Approximately 30% of the population needs fertility treatment. 12.5% of all couples medically require fertility treatment, while on average, 30% of straight couples require fertility treatment due to male factor infertility.

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Blastocyst

An embryo that has developed for approximately five days after fertilization. At this point the embryo has two different cell types and a central cavity. The surface cells (trophectoderm) will become the placenta, and the inner cell mass will become the fetus.

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Cryopreservation

A technique which uses extremely low temperature to preserve live tissue in storage for long periods of time. Cells are partially dehydrated and rapidly brought to a temperature at which all cellular metabolic reactions cease (vitrification). Upon thawing, cells are rehydrated and brought back to body temperature.

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Egg retrieval

A procedure used to obtain eggs directly from ovarian follicles for use in IVF (In vitro fertilization). With the patient under monitored Anesthesia care and comfortable, the eggs are retrieved through the vagina under ultrasound guidance.

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Embryo

The result of the fertilization of an egg with sperm is known as a zygote and then as an embryo. After implantation in the womb and the subsequent formation of a pregnancy (ie conception), an embryo becomes a fetus.

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Endometriosis

A cause of infertility, in which the lining of the uterus migrates to other regions of the body, usually in the pelvic region, causing scarring and sometimes damaging the fallopian tubes and ovaries.

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Hysterosalpingogram

HSG: Is an X-Ray test. You will lie on the exam table with a speculum in place during the test. A thin tube-like catheter is passed into the uterine cavity and then a dye (contrast material) is injected into the uterus. As the dye enters the uterus and fallopian tubes, X-Ray images will be taken. The test usually takes 5 to 10 minutes. The results of the exam will be reviewed with you after all the pictures are taken.

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